Imethetho-Ngganigi Yenkolelo Yenkululeko Nokubusa Okukhululekile Ngentando Yeningi

Ukuvumela amalungelo kubantu bonke (ubulibherali) kanye nokubusa ngentando yeningi okuvumela amalungelo kubantu bonke kwesekelwe enkolelweni eyisisekelo ethi abantu kufanele bakhululeke ukufinyelela izinhloso zabo ngendlela yabo - inqobo nje uma bengavimbi inkululeko yabanye ekwenzeni kwabo lokho. Kepha empeleni ngabe iyini imigomo eyisisekelo yokuvumela amalungelo kubantu bonke neyokubusa ngentando yeningi okuvumela amalungelo kubantu bonke?

Amalungelo abantu

Okokuqala, kunokuzinikela kumalungelo abantu ayisisekelo. Amalungelo abantu ayisisekelo, ukwenza isibonelo, ayilungelo lesithunzi sabantu, ilungelo lempilo, ilungelo lenkululeko ebugqilini, ilungelo lenkululelo yenkolo, ilungelo lenkululeko yenkolelo, ilungelo lenkululeko yokuveza izinto,  ilungelo lenkululeko yokuhlangana, nokunye. Lelo nalelo lalawa malungelo abantu kubuzwana ngalo  ukunquma ukuthi ngabe incazelo enembayo yalo iyini: ilungelo lokukhululeka ebugqilini yilungelo eliphelele elingenakukhawulwa. Kepha-ke kuthiwani ngelungelo lokuveza izinto?

 Isibonelo esidumile somkhawulo lapha ngukuthi umuntu akanakuvumela abantu ukuba bamemeze ukuthi “ kuyasha” ehholo eligcwele kanti akunamlilo okhona. Ukwenza njalo kungadala ukuphaphazela futhi abantu bangalimala bezama ukubaleka. Nokho-ke, abalandela ukuvunyelwa kwamalungelo kubantu bonke (amalibherali) imvamisa bakuphikisa kabi ukukhawulwa kwamalungelo enkululeko yokuveza okuthile,  noma ukubonwa kwezici, ngoba kuvamiswe ukusetshenziswa ngohulumeni ukuvimbela abantu nemibono eyehlukile kuleyo uhulumeni afuna abantu bayikholwe noma bayisho.

Ukulingana

Okusemqoka ngokukhethekile phakathi kwamalungelo abuntu ayisisekelo, yilungelo lokulingana. Njengamanye amalungelo ayisisekelo, kunokuphikisana ngokuthi ngokuyikho impela ngabe ukulingana kusho ukuthini. Wonke amalibherali angavuma ukuthi ukulingana kusho ukuthi akunakuba nobandlululo ngezizathu zobuhlanga (ubumnyama noma ubumhlophe) noma ubulili (obesilisa noma obesifazane) noma inkolo (ubuKrestu noma ubuSulumani). Kusenezindawo lapho, ukwenza isibonelo, okushiwo ngowesifazane enkantolo kubalwa kuphela njengesigamu salokho owesilisa akushoyo. Lokhu ngokusobala kungukuphathwa ngokungalingani. Kepha ngabe ukulingana kuphinde kusho ukuthi wonke umuntu kufanele athole iholo elilinganayo noma ahlale ohlotsheni olufanayo lwendlu? 

Amalibherali azothi “cha”, kodwa azofuna ukuthi bonke abantu kufanele babe namathuba afanayo okuthuthukisa izimpilo zabo - yingakho-ke kugxilwa ekuthuthukisweni kwemfundo kubo bonke abaseNingizimu Afrika. Amalibherali, ngamafuphi,  akholelwa ekulinganeni ngaphambi komthetho kanye nasekulinganeni kwamathuba.

Ukuphatha komthetho

Lokhu kuzinikela kumalungelo abantu ayisisekelo kuhambisana nokuzinikela kwamalibherali ekuphatheni komthetho. Ukuphatha komthetho kuyiqoqo lokokuphephisa elibhekene nokuphatha okushaya indiva imithetho nokunonya okwenziwa yiziphathimandla. Enkantolo, ukwenza isibonelo, ijaji kufanele lingathathi hlangothi futhi alinakuba ngumuntu obuye abe ngumshushisi (ngamanye amagama alinakuba ngumdlali nosompempe ngasikhathi sinye). 

Wonke umuntu,  kufaka phakathi nohulumeni, kufanele alingane ngaphambi komthetho - kunganakiwe ukuthi ungubani. Noma ngubani obekwe icala kufanele atshelwe ngokucacile ukuthi wethweswe icala lani ukuze akwazi ukuzivikela. Wonke umuntu uthathwa njengomsulwa aze abe ukhonjisiwe ukuthi unecala. Amajaji  kufanele azimele, okusho ukuthi uhulumeni noma omunye umuntu akufanele azame  ukuwatshela ukuba enzeni, noma awesabise. Izinqumo zezinkantolo kufanele zibe nokuvumelana, okungukuthi amacala afanayo kufanele abe nemiphumela efanayo. Ngamafuphi, kufanele kube nokungakhethi endleleni abantu abaphathwa ngayo yiziphathimandla.

Konke lokhu kuhambisana nenkolelo yamalibherali yokuthi uhulumeni nombuso kufanele kusebenze ngokulandela umthetho nokuthi imigomo ethile eyisisekelo ayinakuguqulwa noma uhulumeni efuna (ukwenza isibonelo, ilungelo lesithunzi sabantu). Imigomo eyisisekelo enjena imvamisa,   kepha hhayi njalo, ibhalwe phansi kumthethosisekelo wezwe.

Inkululeko yomuntu ngayedwa

Isisekelo salezi zinkolelo ezivumela amalungelo ngukubaluleka amalibherali akunamathisela kumuntu ngamunye namalungelo nezibopho zakhe. Wonke umuntu oyedwa ubalulekile. Amalibherali akholelwa ukuthi abantu kufanele bazinqumele bona bangatshelwa ukuthi benzeni ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kufanele bakhululeke ukuphila impilo abayifunayo, inqobo nje uma ekwenzeni njalo bengakhawuli inkululeko yomunye. 

Ngamanye amagama, ilungelo lakho lokushwiba izingalo zakho ngokukhululeka liyema lapho uqala ukushayisa omunye ngazo.

Le nkolelo enkululekweni yomuntu ngamunye yendlalela yonke imigomo esiphawuliwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvunyelwa kwamalungelo kubantu bonke(ubulibherali) kufuna ukubekezelwa kwemibono eyahlukahlekene kanye, nokunzima kukho konke, nokubekezelwa kwemibono eyahlukile kweyethu. Umbhali odumile wake wathi, “Angivumelani nokushoyo, kepha ngizovikela kuze kuye ekufeni ilungelo lakho lokuba ukusho.”

Imakethe ekhululekile nempahla yangasese

Amalibherali abuye angenise umqondo wenkululeko yomuntu ngamunye kanye namalungelo  omuntu ngamunye endaweni yezomnotho. Eqinisweni, uma sekukhulunywa ngokomlando, udaba lwamalungelo empahla kwakuyisona sisekelo senkululeko yomuntu ngamunye kanye namalungelo omuntu ngamunye. Okokuqala, kunomgomo othi abantu bangaba ngabanini bempahla. 

Uma kubhekwa kusisekelo okuyisona esingesokuqala sakho, lokhu kusho ukuthi lowo nalowo muntu ungumnini wakhe luqobo lwakhe,  futhi ngalokho-ke akanakuba ngowomunye umuntu, okusho ukuthi akunamuntu ongaba  yisigqila. Umuntu okhululekile onje angaba nenye impahla: okokugqoka, izincwadi, ifenisha, umhlaba,  izindlu, izimoto kanye nemicabango, lokho okuye kubizwe ngokuthi yimpahla yengqondo.

Okwesibili, abanini bempahla kufanele bakwazi ukuhlangana ngoxolo bathengise impahla yabo futhi bathenge impahla yabanye abantu ngokukhululeka. Amalibherali akholelwa ukuthi umbuso kufanele ugxambukele kule makethe ekhululekile ngendlela encane ngokusemandleni. Lokhu kuhambisana nenkolelo yokuthi wonke umuntu unelungelo lokusebenza okukhululekile kwezomnotho -umbuso akufanele ungitshele  ukuthi kumele ngithathe muphi umsebenzi, ngifundele muphi umsebenzi noma ukuthi ngiqale noma ngivale ibhizinisi. Kufanele ngivunyelwe ukwenza engikucabanga ukuthi ngingakwenza kahle kakhulu. 

Amalibherali ayabuza ukuthi umuntu ukhululeke kangakanani eqinisweni, uma engakwazi ukuzithathela lezi zinhlobo zezinqumo ezibalulekile. Lokhu kuxhumana namaphuzu enziwe ngokukhuleleka komuntu ngamunye, ngoba kudinga ukwenanelana okukhululekile kwemicabango nemibono.

Okwesithathu, amalibherali amaningi ayangabaza ukuthi umbuso kumele ube sebhizinisini: izinkampani ezingezombuso njengezezindiza, ezezitimela, ezabaletha ezamanzi nogesi zivamise ukusebenza ngokuba nokulahlekelwa futhi nezintela zabantu zisetshenziswa ukugcina  lezi zinkampani zisebenza. Ngokunjalo,  izinkampani ezingezombuso imvamisa zikhokhisa abazisebenzisayo ngokungaphezulu kokukhokhiswa yizinkampani zangasese, ezincintisana ngebhizinisi namakhasimende. 

Okwenzekayo emhlabeni wonke kuxhasa umcabango wokuvunyelwa kwamalungelo abantu bonke wokuthi ngukuncintisana kuphela okuqinisekisa insebenzo enhle kanye namanani entengo amahle (selokhu kwabekwa ezandleni ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni nasekungenisweni kokuncintisana, izingcingo ezishaywa kuleyo ndawo  e-United States,  azikhokhelwa, ukwenza isibonelo).

Okwesine, amalibherali ayavuma ukuthi akunakufinyelela okulinganayo emakethe. Njengoba ekholelwa ekwandiseni ukulingana kwamathuba, amalibherali ngalokho awafuni ukuqeda imakethe; inhloso yawo ukusiza abantu ukuba babe yingxenye yemakethe nokuthi bazuze kuyo. Afuna ukususa izithiyo nokuvinjelwa kokuphathwa yizisebenzi zikahulumeni nokungadingeki,  abantu abahlangabezana nakho,  ukunikeza ukufinyelela okukhudlwana emfundweni engcono nasekuqeqeshweni nasekwenzeni ukuthi ulwazi oludingekayo lutholakale ukujoyina imakethe.

Ukubusa ngentando yeningi okuvumela amalungelo kubantu bonke

Uma sekukhulunywa ngempela, ukubusa ngentando yeningi akuyona enye yezinto ezingumongo wokubalulekile kokuvunyelwa kwamalungelo kubantu bonke,  kepha uma kuhlanganiswa, ukubusa ngentando yeningi kuba ngukuphela kohlelo lwezombusazwe ngaphansi kwalo okungabakhona ngempela lokhu okubalulekile. Ngokuyikho: amalibherali akholelwa ukuthi kungukubusa ngentando yeningi okuvumela amalungelo kubantu bonke, hhayi “ukubusa ngentando yeningi yeqembu elilodwa” futhi hhayi “ukubusa ngentando yeningi engeyabantu” okudingekayo. 

Akwenele ukuthi ukubusa ngentando yeningi okuvumela amalungelo kubantu bonke kumane kube nokhetho olwenziwa njalo, uma kuneqembu elilodwa kuphela okukhethwa kulo, noma uma iningi livotela esihlalweni  uhulumeni owethembisa ukubulala wonke amalungu eqembu noma izinga elithile, noma uma ngabe zonke izakhamuzi ezingaphezu kweminyaka ethile azivunyelwe ukuvota. 

Ukubusa ngentando yeningi okuvumela amalungelo kubantu bonke kufuna ukhetho olukhulekile nolungakhethi, olubanjwa njalo futhi nokuvunyelwa kulo zonke izakhamuzi  (imvamisa ezineminyaka eyi-18 noma ngaphezulu) ukuba zivote - kepha phezu kwalokho,  kudinga konke okubalulekile okungumongo okuchazwe lapha: ukuzinikela kumalungelo abantu ayisisekelo,   amalungelo okulingana, amalungelo okuphatha komthetho, amalungelo okukhululeka komuntu ngamunye kanye namalungelo empahla yangasese nemakethe ekhululekile.

Enye ingxenye ebalulekile yokubusa ngentando yeningi okuvumela amalungelo kubantu bonke yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi ‘ukwehlukaniswa kwamandla’. Lokho kusho ukuthi kunenhlangano eyodwa enamandla ukwenza imithetho (iphalamende), enye inhlangano enamandla okufaka leyo mithetho (uhulumeni noma ‘abaphethe’) kanye nenhlangano yesithathu (izinkantolo) enamandla okunquma izingxabano nokungavumelani okungahle kuqhamuke kule mithetho. 

Amalibherali akholelwa ukuthi la mandla akumele wonke abe sezandleni ezifanayo, ngoba lokho kungaholela kalula ekusetshenzisweni kabi kwamandla nasenkohlakalweni. Ngokugcina la mandla ehlukene, zonke lezi zinhlangano (iphalamende,   abaphethe, izinkantolo) ziyabhekana zilungisane.

Kunokunye okungumongo wokuvunyelwa kwamalungelo kubantu bonke nakho okubaluleke kakhulu. Ngokwesiko lokuvunyelwa kwamalungelo kubantu bonke, ukwenza isibonelo, isihawu siwutho lokuvunyelwa kwamalungelo kubantu bonke. Amalibherali amaningi akholelwa ukuthi lokhu nokunye okubalulekile kulandela ngokuthi kumane kwenzeke kuqhamuke ekukholelweni kumalungelo abantu ayisisekelo nenkululeko yomuntu ngamunye.

Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlelo zezinkolelo zezombusazwe, ukuvumela amalungelo kubantu bonke akwenzi sengathi kungokwe’”sayensi’ nasekuthini umuntu angalinganisa ukuthi umlibherali ‘umsulwa’ kangakanani. Ukuvumela amalungelo kubantu bonke kuyinkolelo enamandla, ekwazi ukuziphendukisela nebuswa ngumqondo othile enikeza izixazululo ngezinkinga zanamuhla. Ukubusa ngentando yeningi okuvumela amalungelo kubantu bonke kuyisiqiniseko esihle kunazo zonke esakhe sasungulwa ukuze kubhekanwe nokusetshenziswa kabi kwamandla kanye nenkohlakalo ehambisana nakho.