Amalungelo Oluntu

Okokuqala, kukho ukuzinikela kumalungelo oluntu ayintsika. Amalungelo oluntu ayintsika, umzekelo, alilungelo lesidima soluntu, ubomi, inkululeko ebukhobokeni, inkululeko kwezenkolo, inkululeko yenkolo, inkululeko yokuvakalisa izimvo, inkululeko yokuzinxulumanisa njl. njl.. Ilungelo loluntu ngalinye kula liphantsi kwengxoxo-mpikiswano yokwenza isigqibo ngokuba ithini eyona ntsingiselo ichanekileyo yalo: ilungelo lokukhululeka ebukhobokeni lilungelo elicacileyo elingenakusikelwa mida. Kodwa kungathiwani ngelungelo lokuvakalisa izimvo? 

Umzekelo odumileyo wokusikwa kwemida apha kukuba umntu akanakubavumela abantu ukuba bakhwaze bathi ‘umlilo’ kwindlu yeqonga lemidlalo eliminxeneyo kube kungekho mlilo apho. Ukwenza njalo kungabanga umothuko kanti nabantu bangenzakala kuba bezama ukuphuma. Nangona kunjalo, abavakalisi benkululeko basoloko bekuchasa ukusika imida yenkululeko yokuvakalisa izimvo, okanye ukuhluza, kuba ezo zixhobo zikholisa ukusetyenziswa ngurhulumente ukwenzela ukucinezela abantu neembono ezahlukileyo kwezo urhulumente afuna ukuba abantu bakholelwe kuzo okanye bazithethe.

Ukuphathwa ngokulinganayo

Okubaluleke ngakumbi phakathi kwamalungelo oluntu ayintsika lilungelo lokuphathwa ngokulinganayo. Njengamanye amalungelo ayintsika, kukho ingxoxo-mpikiswano ngokuba kuthetha ntoni kanye-kanye ukuphathwa ngokulinganayo. Bonke abavakalisi benkululeko baya kuvumelana ukuba ukuphathwa ngokulinganayo kuthetha ukuba akunakubakho kucalulwa. 

Enkundleni yamatyala, umzekelo, akunakubakho kucalulwa ngesizathu sobuhlanga (ukuba Mnyama nokuba Mhlophe) okanye ngenxa yesini (esobuduna okanye esobukhomokazi okanye ngenxa yezenkolo (ubuKrestu okanye ubuMuslim). Kusekho iindawo, umzekelo, apho into ethethwa ngumntu ongumfazi enkundleni ibonwa isilela ngesiqingatha ngokubaluleka kunaleyo ithethwa ngumntu oyindoda. Ngokuqinisekileyo oku kukuphathwa ngokungalinganiyo. 

Kodwa nanku umbuzo: Ingaba ukuphathwa ngokulinganayo ke ngoko kuthetha ukuba bonke abantu bafanele ukunikwa imivuzo elinganayo okanye bahlale kuhlobo olufanayo lwezindlu? 

Abavakalisi benkululeko bathi ‘akunjalo’ kodwa bona bazimisele ukubanga imfuneko yokuba bonke abantu banikwe amathuba afanayo okuphucula ubomi babo – ngoko ke ugxininiso lokuphucula imfundo yabo bonke, ngokufutshane, mayibe yinkoleko yokuphathwa ngokulinganayo phambi komthetho naphambi kwamathuba alinganayo.

Ulawulo ngomthetho

Oku kuzinikela kumalungelo oluntu ayintsika kuhamba kunye nokuzinikela kwabavakalisi benkululeko kulawulo ngomthetho. Ulawulo ngomthetho yingqokelela ehambelanayo yeendlela zokhuselo kwimpatho yeziphathamandla engalandelekiyo nekhohlakeleyo. Kwinkundla yamatyala, umzekelo, umgwebi akafanelanga kukhetha cala kwaye akanako ukuthi kwayena mgwebi abe ngumtshutshisi (ngamanye amagama, akanako ukuthi engumdlali aphinde abe ngusompempe ngaxeshanye). 

Wonke umntu, kubandakanywa norhulumente, makaphathwe ngokulinganayo phambi komthetho-nokuba ngubani. Nabani otyholwa ngolwaphulo-mthetho makaxelelwe ngokucacileyo ngesenzo atyholwa ngaso ukuze akwazi ukuzithethelela. Wonke umntu umsulwa kude kubonakaliswe ngokuphandle ukuba unetyala. Abagwebi mabazimele, oko kuthetha ukuba urhulumente okanye nokuba ngubani ongomnye makangazami ukubaxelela ukuba benze ntoni, okanye abothuse. 

Izigqibo zeenkundla mazenziwe ngokufanayo malunga nabo bonke abantu, oko kuthetha ukuba amatyala afanayo mawabe neziphumo ezifanayo. 

Ngokufutshame, kufuneka kubekho ukuphathwa ngokufanayo kwindlela nohlobo abantu abaphathwa ngayo ngabasemagunyeni.

Konke oku kuhambelana kangangoko nenkolo yabavakalisi benkululeko yokuba urhulumente nolawulo loluntu makasebenze ngokomthetho kwaye imigaqo-siseko eyintsika ayinakuguqulwa nokuba urhulumente ufuna kwenziwe ngolo hlobo (umzekelo ilungelo lesidima soluntu). Imigaqo-siseko elolo hlobo ikholisa, kodwa hayi qho, ukubhalwa phantsi kumthetho-siseko welizwe.

Inkululeko yomntu ngamnye

Isiseko sezi nkolo malunga nenkululeko siqulethe ukubaluleka okunamatheliswa ngabavakalisi benkululeko kumntu ngamnye ne lungelo lakhe ngokunjalo noxanduva olulindeleke kubo. Wonke umntu ubalulekile. 

Abavakalisi benkululeko bakholwa ukuba abantu bazenzele izigqibo ngeziqu zabo mabangasoloko bexelelwa into abafanele ukuyenza lonke ixesha. Kufuneka bakhululeke ukuphila ubomi abafuna ukubuphila, ngaphandle kokuba xa besenza njalo abayithinteli inkululeko yomnye umntu. Ngamanye amazwi, ilungelo lakho lokujiwuzisa izandla ngokukhulelekileyo liphela xa uqala ubetha omnye umntu.

Le nkolo yenkululeko yomntu ngamnye ikwisiseko sayo yonke imigaqo-siseko eseyidwelisiwe. Ngaphezu koko, inkoleko yenkululeko ibanga imfuneko yokunyamezela izimvo ezahluka-hlukeneyo ngokunjalo, eyona nto inzima kuzo zonke izinto kukunyamezela izimvo ezahlukileyo kwezethu. Umbhali wodumo wakha wathi, “ Andivumelani nento oyithethayo, kodwa ndiza kulikhusela ilungelo lokuyithetha kude kuye ekufeni.”

Impahla yabucala yentengiso ekhululekileyo

Abavakalisi benkululeko baphinda bathabathe uluvo lwenkululeko yabantu ngabanye nolwamalungelo abantu ngabanye balunabisele kumba wezoqoqosho. Enyanisweni, xa kuthethwa ngezembali, umbandela wamalungelo empahla yakhe umntu asisiseko esisentloko senkulukelo yabantu ngabanye namalungelo abantu ngabanye. 

Okokuqala, kukho umgaqo-siseko wokuba abantu bangaba nempahla eyiyeyabo. Kwinqanaba elisisiseko, oku kuthetha ukuba umntu ngamnye ungowakhe, ngoko ke akanakuba ngowomnye umntu, oko kukuthi, akukho mntu ufanele ukuba likhoboka. 

Umntu okhululeke ngolo hlobo angaba nempahla eyiyeyakhe: impahla yokunxiba, iincwadi, impahla yendlu, izindlu, imoto, ngokunjalo nezimvo, zona zikwaziwa ngokuba yinto anayo umntu ngokohlakanipho.

Okwesibini, abanini bempahla eyiyeyabo kufuneka bakwazi ukudibana ngoxolo bathengise impahla eyiyeyabo baphinde bathenge impahla eyiyeyabanye ngokukhululekileyo. Abavakalisi benkululeko bakholelwa ekubeni urhulumente makangenelele kulo mmandla wentengiso okhululekileyo kancinci kangangoko anokwenza. 

Oku kuhamba kunye nenkolo yokuba urhulumente akafanelanga kundixelela ukuba ndenze msebenzi wuphi, ndifundele ziphi izifundo zobungcali okanye ndiqalise ishishini okanye ndilivale. Mandivunyelwe ukwenza loo nto ndicinga ukuba ndingayenza ngokubalaseleyo. Abavakalisi benkululeko banombuzo wokuba kanti umntu ukhululeke kangakanani na, xa engakwazi ukuzenzela izigqibo ezibalulekileyo ezifana nezi. 

Oku kuqhagamshelana neempawu ezivakalisiweyo ngenkululeko yabantu ngabanye, kuba apha kufuneka utshintshelwano olukhululekileyo lwezimvo neengcingane.

Okwesithathu, abavakalisi benkululeko abaninzi banamathandabuzo ngento yokuba ingaba urhulumente ukufanele na ukuba abe kushishino okanye akafanelanga konke-konke: amaqumrhu angakarhulumente ngokwakhe afana nothutho ngomoya, uthutho ngololiwe, ababoneleli bamanzi nabombane bakholisa ukulahlekelwa yinzuzo ukuze ngenxa yoko kusetyenziswe irhafu yabantu ukuwagcina eqhuba. 

Ngokunjalo, amaqumrhu angakarhulumente ngokwakhe akholisa ukufuna kubathengi bawo amaxabiso angaphezulu kulawo afunwa ngalawo abucala, kaloku wona kufuneka abe kukhuphiswano ngoshishino nangabaxumi. Amava akhoyo kwilizwe jikelele ayaluxhasa uluvo lwenkululeko lokuba ukhuphiswano luqinisekisa inkonzo ephucukileyo namaxabiso aphucukileyo (njengoko ukuthatyathwa kobunini ngabantu abazimeleyo nokufakwa kukhuphiswano, ukungena kweeqcingo zalapha e United States  kusenzeka simahla, ngumzekelo lowo).

Okwesine, abavakalisi benkululeko bayayamkela into yokuba akukho ukufikelela okulinganayo kummandla wentengiso. Ngenxa yenkolo yokomelezwa kokulinganiswa kwamathuba, abavakalisi benkululeko, ke ngoko, abafuni kuwutshabalalisa ummandla wentengiso; injongo yabo kukuncedisa abantu ukuba babe yinxalenye yommandla wentengiso ukuze kubekho inzuzo abayifumanayo kuwo. 

Bafuna ukushenxisa imiqobo yenkqubo yolandelelwano lolawulo engeyomfuneko kunye nezithintelo abadibana nazo abantu, banike ukufikelela okuthe chatha kwimfundo ephucukileyo noqeqesho nokwenza ukuba lube khona ulwazi oluyimfuneko lokuzibandakanya nommandla wentengiso.

Ulawulo olukhululekileyo ngentando yoninzi

Xa kuthethwa ngqongqo, ulawulo ngentando yoninzi aluyongxam enye yezinto ezixabisekileyo zenkoleko yenkululeko, kodwa xa zidityaniswa, ulawulo ngentando yoninzi luba ngumxokomelwano wezopolitiko ekuphela kwawo ukuze ezi zinto zixabisekileyo ziwele phantsi kwawo zikwazi ukuba zizinto ezikhoyo. 

Ngokufutshane: abavakalisi benkululeko bakholwa ukuba lulawulo olukhululekileyo ngentando yoninzi, hayi ‘ulawulo ngentando yoninzi lweqela elinye lopolitiko’ kwaye ingelulo ‘ulawulo ngentando yoninzi lwabantu’ olufunekayo. Akwanelanga ukuba ulawulo olukhululekileyo ngentando yoninzi lube namathuba onyulo akholisa ukubakho rhoqo kuphela, xa kukho iqela elinye lopolitiko kuphela ekunyulwa kulo, okanye xa uninzi luvowutela ukuphathwa ngurhulumente othembisa ukubulala onke amalungu eqela elithile okanye omgangatho othile, okanye xa ingengabo bonke abemi abangaphezulu kwiminyanka yobudala obuthile abavunyelwa ukuba bavowute. 

Ulawulo olukhululekileyo ngentando yoninzi lubanga imfuno yonyulo olukhululekileyo nolwenziwa ngendlela efanelekileyo, olukholisa ukubakho rhoqo apho bonke abemi (kuqheleke ubudala obuyiminyaka eli-18 okanye ngaphezulu) bavunyelwa ukuba bavowute – kodwa ngaphezu koko, lufuna zonke izinto ezixabisekileyo eziyingxam ezichazwa apha: ukuzinikela kumalungelo oluntu ayintsika, ukuphathwa ngokulinganayo, ulawulo ngomthetho, inkululeko yabantu ngabanye kunye nobunini babucala bempahla ngokunjalo nommandla wentengiso okhululekileyo.

Enye inxalenye ebalulekileyo yolawulo olukhululekileyo ngentando yoninzi yiloo nto ebizwa ngokuba ‘kukwahlukaniswa kwamagunya’. Oko kuthetha ukuba kukho iqela elinye elinegunya lokumisa imithetho (ipalamente), elinye iqela libe negunya lokuphumeza loo mithetho (urhulumente okanye ‘isigqeba esilawulayo’) kunye neqela lesithathu (iinkundla zamatyala) ezinegunya lokugweba iingxabano neeyantlukwano ezinokuvela ngenxa yale mithetho imiselweyo. 

Abavakalisi benkululeko bakholelwa ekubeni la magunya akufuneki ukuba abe sesandleni esinye onke, kuba oko kusenokukhokelela ekuxhatshazweni kwegunya lula nasekusetyenzisweni kwegunya kakubi. Ngokugcinwa kwala magunya ehlukanisiwe, onke la maqela (ipalamente, isigqeba esilawulayo, iinkundla zamatyala) ayakwazi ukunikana uqwalaselo nokulungelelanisa amagunya azo.

Zikhona ezinye izinto ezixabisekileyo zenkululeko nazo ezibaluleke kakhulu kangangoko. Kwisithethe senkululeko, umzekelo, inceba ilixabiso lenkululeko. Abavakalisi benkululeko abaninzi bakholelwa ekubeni eli xabiso kunye namanye alandela ngokuzenzekela ukusuka kwinkolo yamalungelo oluntu ayintsika nakwinkululeko yabantu ngabanye.

Ngokunxaxha kweminye imixokomelwano yenkolo kwezopolitiko, inkoleko yenkululeko ayizenzi ngathi ‘inobunzululwazi’ kwaye ingenzi ngathi umntu angakwazi ukulinganisa ukuba ubunkululeko obo “bungcwengeke kangakanani na. Inkoleko yenkululeko yinkolo ekwazi kangangoko ukuguqu-guquka, iyaqhelaniswa kwaye iyasebenziseka ekunikeni izisombululo zeengxaki zanamhlanje. 

Ulawulo olukhululekileyo ngentando yoninzi sesona siqiniseko sibalaseleyo esiqanjwe ngenjongo yokulwa nokuxhatshazwa kwegunya nako konke ukuphathwa ngobuxelegu okuhamba nako.

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