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Bulibherali
kanye nedemokhrasi yemalibherali busime kunkholelo lesisekelo letsi bantfu
bafanele kutsi
bakhululeke ekutsini bahlangabetane netinjongo tabo ngetindlela
labatikhetsele tona - yingci nje uma ngabe bangakhinyabeti inkhululeko
yalabanye ngekwenta loko. Kodvwa ngabe nguyiphi imigomo lesisekelo
yebulibherali kanye nedemokhrasi yemalibherali?
Emalungelo
Ebuntfu
Kwekucala
nje kukhona kutinikela ekutsini kulandzelwe emalungelo ebuntfu lasisekelo.
Emalungelo ebuntfu lasisekelo singabekisa ngekutsi angemalungelo
ekuhlonishwa kwesitfunti sebuntfu, emphilo,
ekukhululeka
ebugcilini, ekukhulueka ngekwenkholo, ekukhululeka ngekwenkholelo,
ekukhululeka
ekukhulumeni, ekukhululeka ekutimanyaniseni nanome ngubani njalonjalo.
Lilungelo ngalinye kuyaphikiswana ngawo kute kutfolakale kutsi ngesikhona
lishoni:
lilungelo lekutsi ube nenkhululeko ebigcilini lililungelo leliphelele
lelingete laphazanyiswa. Kepha-ke,
singatsini ngelilungelo lekusho nome ngayini?
Sibonelo
lesidvumile lesingaphazamisa lelilungelo kutsi umuntfu angete akwati
kumemeta “umlilo” endzaweni
yekwetsamela buciko legcwele banfu kube kungekho umlilo loshako.
Kusho loko kungetfusa kushayise
ngeluvalo bantfu labanyenti lokungenta kutsi
baminyetelane
betama kuphuma. Noko emalibherali avamise kutsi aphikisane kakhulu
nekuphazanyiswa
kwemalungelo
ekusho nome ngabe yini nome kukhetsa lokushoko ngobe loko kuvamise kutsi
kusetjentiswe bohulumende ekucindzetenleni bantfu kanye nemibono
leyehlukile kuleyo lafuna hulumende kutsi bantfu
bakholwe
ngiyo nome bayisho. Ku ringanana
.
Lokubaluleke
kakhulu kumalungelo ebuntfu kuba
lilungelo lekulingana. Njengawo onkhelamanye emalungelo lasisekelo kukhona
kuphikisana mayelana nekutsi kushoni ngesikhona kulingana. Onkhe
emalibherali akholwela ekutsini kufanele kungabi khona nalokuncane
kubankluluwa. Enkantolo yemtsetfo nasingabekisa nje akufanele kube khona
kubandlululwa lokungaba
ngekwebuhlanga (labanyama nome labamhlope)
ngekwebulili (labadvuna nome labasikati) ngekwebuhlanga (yebuKrestu nome
yebuMoslem). Kusekhona tindzawo lapho khona nasingabekisa nje lokungashiwo
ngumfati enkantolo kuba nesisindvo lesiyihhafu yaloko lokungashiwo
yindvodza. Loko ngesikhona
kukungaphatsi bantfu ngalokulinganako. Kepha-ke ngabe kulingana kusho
kutsi wonkhe umuntfu ahole liholo
lelifanako
nome bahlalae eluhlotjeni lolufanako lwendlu? Emalibherali atsi ‘cha’,
kepha agcizelela kutsi wonkhe umuntfu akatfole amatfuba lalinganako
ekwenta imphilo yakhe ibe ncono - ngaloko agcizelele kakhulu ekutsini
kwentiwe ncono simo semfundvo yakhe wonkhe
umuntfu. Emalibherali ngalokufisha nje akholwela ekuletseni kulingana
ngaphambi kwemtsetfo kanye nekulingana ngekwematfuba.
Kusebenta
Kwemtsetfo
Lokutibandzakanya
kwemalibherali nemalungelo lasisekelo ebuntfu kuhambisana
nekutibandzakanya nekusebenta kwemtsetfo. Kusebenta kwemtsetfo
kulutsango lowelusa kutsi kungabi khona kuphatfwa
ngesihluku lokwentiwa ngulabo labatiphatsimandla
bakwente ngekungalandzeli umtseftfo. Enkantolo nasingabekisa nje lijaji
lifanele kutsi lingabi nencenye leliyivunako kantsi alikwati kutsi libe
ngumuntfu muye naloyo lowenta umsebenti wemshushisi (ngalamanye emagama
alikwati kutsi libe ngumdlali liphindze libe ngunompempe ngasikhatsi sinye).
Wonkhe
umuntfu
lokufaka ekhatsi hulumende ufanele kutsi aphatfwe ngekulingana ngaphambi
kwesandla semtsetfo - akukhatsalekile kutsi ungubani. Nome ngubani lobekwe
licala ufanele kuysi atjelwe ngalokucacile kutsi ubekwe licala lelitsini
kute atewukwati kutivikela. Wonkhe umuntfu akanalicala kuze kuphume
bufakazi bekutsi nembala nuelicala. Emajaji afanele kutsi abe
ngulakhululekile lokusho kutsi hulumende, nome bani-ke lomunye akafanele
kutsi etame kuwatjela kutsi entini, nome-ke awesabise.
Tincumo
tenkantolo tifanele
tingagucugucuki, lokusho kutsi emacala lafananako afanele kutsi abe
nemiphumela lefanako. Kafishane nje, kufanele kutsi kube nekufanana
indlela bantfu
labaphatfwa ngayo ngulabo labatiphatsimandla.
Konkhe
loku kuhambisana ncwe netinkholelo
temalibherali letitsi hulumende kanye nembuso bafanele balandzele umtsetfo
nekutsi imigomo letsite ingete
yaguculwa nome ngabe loko kufunwa nguhulumende (asibekise ngelilungelo
lekuhlonishwa kwesitfunti sebuntfu). Imigomo lesisekelo lefana nalona
ivamise kutsi, kepha hhayi ngaso sonkhe sikhatsi, ibhalwe phansi
kumtsetfosisekelo welive.
Inkhululeko
yemuntfu ngamunye
Lokusisekelo
setinkholelo tebulibherali kuba kubaluleka lakunamatselisa kumalungelo
emuntfu ngamunye kanye netibopho lanato. Wonkhe umuntfu ngamunye
ubalulekile. Emalibherali akholwela ekutsini umuntfu ngamunye kufanele
atincumele yena ngekwakhe
angatjelwa kutsi enteni ngaso sonkhe sikhatsi. Bantfu bafanele kutsi
bakhululeke kuphila imphilo labafuna kuyiphila yingci nje uma ngabe
ngekwenta loko
abatsikameti inkhululeko yalomunye umuntfu.
Ngalamanye
emagama lilungelo lonalo njengemuntfu lekutsi ungajikitisa umkhono wakho
ngenkhululeko liphela uma ngabe sewucala ushayisa kulomunye.
Lenkholelo
ekukhululekeni kwemuntfu ngamunye lingumnyombo yayo yonkhe leminye imigomo
leseyibekwe lapha. Kwengeta kuloko bulibherali buphindze bufune kutsi kube
nekubetelela imibono liminyenti, lolukhuni kunayo yonkhe leminye kuba
kubeketelela leyo migomo lefike yehluke kulena yetfu. Umbhali lodvumile
wake wabhala watsi, “Ngiyaphikisana naloko lokushoko kepha ngitakuvikela
lilungelo lakho lekukusho kangangobe ngingafa nekufa.”
Imphahla
Yemuntfu Ngamunye kanye Nekumaketha Ngenkhululeko
Emalibherali
awutsatsa lombono wenkhululeko
yemuntfu ngamunye kanye nemalungelo ebuntfu
emuntfu ngamunye ayewungenisa nassendzimeni
yetemnotfo. Empeleni ngekwemlandvo indzaba
yemalungelo emphahla kwakungiyo lengumnnyombo wenkhululeko yemuntfu
ngamunye kanye
nemalungelo akhe umuntfu ngamunye. Kwekucala nje, kunemgomo wekutsi bantfu
bangaba nemphahla. Ngekwesisusa sawo loko kusho kutsi umuntfu n
gamunye ungumnikati webunguye ngaloko-ke angete kwaba nalomunye umuntfu
lotsi ungewakhe, lokusho kutsi kute longaba sigcili.
Umuntfu
likhululeke kanjalo angaba ngumnikati wemphahla: lokungaba tintfo
tekugcoka, tincwadzi, ifenisha, umhlaba, tindlu, timoto, ngisho nemibono
imbala, lokubitwa ngekuti yimphahla lesem condveweni. Kwesibili, banikati
bemphahla bafanele kutsi baphindze bakwati kubutsana ngekuthula batsengise
imphahla yabo ngekukhululeka baphindze batsenge imphahla yalabanye bantfu
ngekukhululeka.
Emalibherali
akholwela ekutsini hulumende aketame ngawo onkhe emandla kutsi
angakuphazamisi kangako lokutsengiselana lokukhululekile. Loku kuhambisana
nenkholelo yekutsi wonkhe
umuntfu unelilungelo
lekutsi atifake enchubeni yetemnotfo ngenkhululeko - umbuso awufanele
kutsi ungitjele kutsi ngente muphi umsebenti ngifundzele muphi umkhakha
webufundziswa kutsi ngicale nome ngivale libhizinisi. Ngifanele kutsi
ngivunyelwe kutsi ngente loko lengitibona kutsi
ngingakwenta kancono. Emalibheraliabuta kutsi ukhululeke kanganini umuntfu
uma ngabe ehluleka kutentela letincumo letimcoka kangaka emphilweni yakhe.
Loku
kuhambisana naloko lokushitiwo
mayelana nenkhululeko yemuntfu ngamunye, ngobe kuletsa sidzingo sekutsi
kube khona kushiyelana ngemibono nangemicabango. Kwesitsatfu, emalibherali
lamanyenti akungabata kakhulu kutsi kufanele yini hulumende abe nawo
emabhizinisi” sisho emabhizinisi langewembuso lafana newetindiza,
etitimela,
emanti, nagezi lagcina asebenta
ngalokungaletsi intalo kugcine kusebenta imali yemtselo lekhishwa sive
kutsi awente akwati kuchubeka nekusebenta.
Kanjalo
tinkampani letitembuso tivamisa kutsi tibite imali lephakeme kubasebentisi
belusito kwendlula lawo angasese lasuke asemkhankhasweni wekuncintisana
nalamanye kutsi atfole libhizinisi kanye nemakhasimende. Ngekwelwati
leselubonakele ngaphambili kumhlaba wonkhe umbono wemalibherali litsi kuba
kuncintisana kuphela lokwenta imali yentsengo ihlale iyinhle (njengobe
kwenta letinkampani tibe
tangasese nekuletsa kuncintisana, kushaya lucingo ulushayela ngekhatsi
endzaweni yakho emaveni lafana nabo-United States nasingabekisa nje
kwentiwa
mahhala.) Kwesine, emalibherali ayakwemukela kutsi ayikho indzaba
yekutfola imakethe ngalokulinganko. Ngekutsi akholwela ekutsini kube
nekulingana ekutfoleni
ematfuba emalibherali akasho kutsi ngaloko afuna kushabalasisa imakethe;
injongo yawo kwenta bantfu kutsi babe yincenye yetekutsengiselana
baphindze bazuze kuko.
Bafuna
kucedza indzaba yekutsi kube nguhulumende lowengamele imisebenti
nekunklinywa lokungadzingeki kwekuvimbela bantfu labahlangabetana nako
ekutsini banikete kamelula ngemfundvo lencono kanye nekuceceshwa nekwenta
kutsi lwati loludzingekako lutfolakale kute ukwati kujoyina imakethe.
Idemokhrasi
Yemalibherali
Uma
sesikhuluma liciniso lempela idemokhrasi ayisiwo umgomo lomcoka
wemalibherali kepha nasewuwahlanganisa onkhe idemokhrasi ngiyo kuphela
leletsa simo lesenta kutsi lemigomo ikwati kuphila ngekweliciniso. Uma
sicondze ngco endzabeni:
emalibherali akhowela ekutsini kudzingeka idemokhrasi yemalibherali, hhayi
‘idemokhrasi yelicembu linye’ hhayi futsi nedemokhrasi ‘yebantfu’.
Akukeneli
kudemokhrasi yemalibherali kutsi kube nguloku kubanjwa lukhetfo njalonje
uma ngabe kusuke kukhetfwa ecenjini linye nome uma ngabe bantfu labanyenti
bakhetsa hulumende bambeke esihlalweni ecenjini linye nome uma ngabe
bantfu labanyenti bakhetsa hulumende bambeke
esihalweni kantsi usonga kutsi utawubulala onkhe lamanye emalunga esive
elicembu nome esigaba lesitsite nome uma ngabe kungasibo bonkhe bantfu
labatakhamuti labangetulu kweminyaka letsite
yebudzala labavunyelwa kutsi bavote.
Idemokhrasi
yemalibherali ifuna kutsi kube nekukhetsa lokukhululekile nalokungavuni
muntfu lokutawuhlale kubanjwe lokutsi kuko tonkhe takhamuti (lokuvamise
kutsi kube ngulabaneminyaka lelishumi nesiphohlongo (18) nome ngetulu)
bavunyelwe kutsi bavote - kepha ngetulu kwaloko, ifuna kutsi kube khona
yonkhe
lemigomo lechazwe lapha” kutibandzakanya
nemalungelo ebuntfu lasisekelo, kulingana, kusebenta kwemtsetfo,
inkhululeko yemuntfu ngamunye kanye nemphahla yemuntfu ngamunye kanye
nekutsengiselana lokukhululekile.
Lokunye
lokubalulekile ngedemokhrasi yemalibherali kubitwa ngekutsi
‘kwehlukaniswa
kwemandla’: Loko kusho kutsi kube nemkhandlu munye lonemandla ekushaya
imitsetfo (iphalamende), kube nalomunye umkhandlu lonemandla ekusebentisa
lemitsetfo (hulumende nome umkhandlu lowengamele) kutsi wesitsatfu (lokutinkantolo)
letinemandla ekwehlulela tincabano nekungavumelani lokungavela
kulemitsefto. Emalibherali akholwela ekutsini lamandla akafanele kutsi
abekwe onkhe etandleni tinye ngobe loko kungenta kutsi kube melula
kusebentisa kabi lamandla kanye nekutsi kube nekukhwabanisa.
Uma
ngabe lamandla agcinwe ngekweklukana yonkhe lemikhandlu (liphalamende,
umkhandlu lowengamele, tinkantolo) ikwati kugadzana nekuletsa kusima
emkhatsini wato. Ikhona leminye imigomo yebulibherali lebaluleke kakhulu
kabi. Ngekwendzabuko yebulibherali nasingakunika sibonelo kuba nesihawu
kungumgomo wemalibherali. Emalibherali lamanyenti akholwela ekutsini lona
kanye naleminye imigomo ivele ilandzele kulenkholelo yemalungelo ebuntfu
lasissekelo kanye nekukhululeka kwemuntfu ngamunye.
Kwehlulka
kuletinye tinkholelo tetinhlelo tembangave bulibherali bungaba nebusayensi
kantsi umuntfu
angakwati kutfola silinganiso sekutsi bunganani
bulibherali lobukulomuntfu na. Bulibherali buyakwati kuntjintjantjintja
buhambisane netikhatsi, buphindze buyinkholelo lesenbentiseka ngekubuka
imiphumela
kanjalo bukwati kuletsa tisombululo etinkingeni
talomuhla. Idemokhrasi yebulibherali ungaciniseka ngayo kantsi isungulwe
ngekulwa nekusetjentiswa kabi
kwemandla kanye nekukhohlakala lokuhambisana naloko.
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